王星全，吴义民，王志龙，王占宜，王峰

(滨州渤海活塞有限公司，山东 滨州  256602)

    摘要：活塞的失效原因复杂多样，有活塞本身的原因也有柴油机的使用因素。分析活塞失效的目的就是找出引起失效的根本原因，找到解决的办法。本文针对某柴油机活塞失效的实例进行了客观具体的分析。首先对拆机现场的情况和活塞失效的具体情况进行了描述，然后结合活塞头部断裂失效的机理，从活塞本身的原因和柴油机的使用因素两个方面进行了分析，最终判定活塞头部断裂失效的根本原因，并给出改进建议。

    关键词:活塞；撞气门；断裂；失效

    Abstract: The causes of the failure of the piston is complex and diverse, from piston itself, also from operaton of diesel engines. The purpose of the of piston failure analysis is to find out the root causes of failure and solution. This paper shows an example of a diesel engine piston failure specific analysis. First, described the situation of the disassembled site and the specific circumstances of the piston failure. Then, the failure mechanism of the piston head was analyzed, and the piston itself and the factors of the diesel engine were analyzed. Finally, determined the root of failure of the piston top fracture, and give suggestions for improvement. 

    Key words：piston; valve collision; fracture; failure