楼狄明，朱育严

（同济大学 汽车学院，上海 201804）

摘要：本文基于车载排放测试系统对一辆国Ⅳ柴油公交车燃用不同比例生物柴油混合燃料的道路排放特性进行了研究，研究结果表明：从市内典型道路到市郊公路再到高速路，公交车的气态物及颗粒物排放率依次升高；不同道路条件下，生物柴油混合燃料的CO、THC、PN及PM平均排放率低于纯柴油，CO₂及NO_X平均排放率略高于纯柴油，并且生物柴油掺混比例越大，对应降幅及增幅越显著。全路况条件下B5（生物柴油体积占比5%）、B10（生物柴油体积占比10%）的CO平均排放率较D100（纯柴油）分别低14.84%、20.60%，THC平均排放率较D100分别低6.12%、13.98%，PN平均排放率较D100分别低17.35%、23.75%，PM平均排放率较D100分别低22.19%、26.60%，CO₂平均排放率较D100分别高5.07%、8.08%，NOx平均排放率较D100分别高6.44%、15.69%。

关键词：公交车；不同比例生物柴油；气态物；颗粒物；实际道路排放

Abstract：Emission Characteristics of Bus at Stage Ⅳ fuelled with different bio-diesel blends on real road was studied using portable emission measurement system. Results show that: the rates of gaseous emissions and particulate emissions increase from the city road condition to the suburban condition then to the high speed condition; the average emission rates of CO, THC, PN and PM of bio-diesel blends on different road conditions are lower than those of pure diesel while the average emission rates CO₂ and NO_X of bio-diesel blends are higher than those of pure diesel and the more bio-diesel in the blends, the more remarkable of the trends. Through the whole condition, the CO average rates of B5 and B10 are lower than those of D100 by 14.84% and 20.60%, while for THC the decreases are 6.12%, 13.98%, for PN the decreases are 17.35%, 23.75% and for PM, the decreases are 22.19%, 26.60%. Compared with pure diesel, the CO₂ average emission rates of B5 and B10 are higher by 5.07%, 8.08% and the NO_X average emission rates of B5 and B10 are higher by 6.44%, 15.69%.

    Key words：Bus； Bio-Diesel Blends； Gaseous Emissions； Particulate Emissions； Real-Road Emissions