陈月春1,2，李兰菊1,2，王霞1,2，李素婷3

1.内燃机可靠性国家重点实验室，山东潍坊261061；2. 潍柴动力股份有限公司发动机研究院，山东潍坊261061；3. 潍柴动力空气净化科技有限公司，山东潍坊261061

摘要：基于缸内燃烧理论对某型号柴油机低温起动困难问题进行分析，提出提高压缩比、采取不同进气加热方式、优化气门间隙3种措施提升缸内温度，并对改进后柴油机开展低温起动性能对比试验。结果表明：采用高压缩比可明显提升缸内压缩温度，利于改善低温起动性能；分缸加热可明显提升进气温度，相同加热时间下，分缸加热比格栅加热进气温度提升约53 ℃；气门间隙优化仅能小幅度提升缸内温度，对柴油机起动性能无明显改善。提高进气温度对提升柴油机低温起动性能有利，但小幅度提升缸内压缩温度并不能明显改善柴油机低温起动性能。

关键词：低温起动；柴油机；压缩比

Abstract:Based on the theory of combustion, the problem of low temperature staring for a diesel engine is investigated. Three schemes are proposed to increase the cylinder temperature, including increasing the compression ratio, adopting different intake heating methods and optimizing the valve clearance. The experimental results show that the high compression ratio can obviously increase the temperature in the cylinder, which improves the low temperature staring performance. Different intake heating methods can improve the intake temperature, the independent heating methods shows 53 ℃ higher than grid heating in the same time. The clearance optimization of the valve can improve the temperature in the cylinder slightly, but the starting performance of the diesel engine is not significantly improved. Therefore, the increase of intake temperature is beneficial for the low temperature staring performance of diesel engine, but it is not obvious to improve the low temperature starting performance of diesel engine.

Keywords:low temperature starting; diesel engine; compression ratio